Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science)

The effect of supplementation perilla seeds (Perilla frutescens) in the diets on feed consumption and digestibility nutrients on ducks

Rendi Fathoni Hadi, Sudiyono, Zamzam Rizki Hamdani — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the digestibility of perilla seeds (Perilla frutescens) in 3 levels (0, 2.5, and 5%) in rations given to local ducks. The research material used was male Mojosari ducks (Day Old Duck) with as many as 90 tails, with an average initial body weight of 35.36 grams. The ration consists of ground corn, pollard, fine bran, soybean meal (SBM), vitamin premix, and perilla seed supplementation. Livestock was separated by three treatments, P0: 100% basal ration without supplementation of Perilla frutescens L seeds; P1: 97.5% basal ration + 2.5% supplementation of Perilla frutescens L. seeds; P2: 95% basal ration + 5% supplementation of Perilla frutescens L. seeds. Duck ducks are kept for two months. The variables observed were crude protein digestibility, crude fat, crude fiber, and organic matter. The results showed a very significant effect (P <0.05) on the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber and an insignificant effect (P> 0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter and feed consumption. Supplementation of perilla seeds can increase the digestibility of fat and fiber but decreases protein digestibility.

Physiological Conditions of Broiler Chickens During Transportation with Vitamin Treatment and Distance Difference

Dein Iftitah, Bayu Arisandi, RR Retno Widyani, Juniah — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The physiological condition of broiler chickens during the transportation process has changed, presumably due to changes in environmental conditions. Changes in the environment, such as transport distance, density in the basket, vehicle speed and vibration, and heat stress during the transportation process, are thought to cause stress in chickens, disrupting the body's homeostatic and metabolic processes. The condition of stressed chickens harms the physiology of livestock, especially the biochemical components. It can result in decreased body weight, increased heart rate, respiration, and increased temperature, to the chickens' hematological status, which can be detrimental to breeders' income. Giving commercial vitamins containing vitamins A, D, E, K, B, and C, minerals, and amino acids is an alternative solution that can minimize stress levels in broiler chickens. This study aims to analyze the physiological condition of broiler chickens given vitamins and without vitamins with different mileage during transportation. The research method used was an experimental method using a randomized block design. This study used a sample of 48 broiler chickens with a weight range of 1.4 to 1.9 kg, treated with vitamins and without vitamins at a distance of 0 km (control), 30, 60, and 90 km. The parameters measured were heart rate, respiratory frequency, temperature, and body weight. Hematological tests measured were erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, and leukocytes. The data were analyzed statistically. This research concludes that giving vitamins can stabilize the physiological condition of broiler chickens while being transported at a certain distance of 0 km (control), 30, 60, and 90 km. The treatment of giving vitamins at a distance of 90 km was no different from the control treatment. Evidenced by measurements of body weight with a value of 1.47 kg, heart rate of 262 times per minute, a stable respiratory rate at a value of 31 times per minute, and rectal temperature of 41 °C and hematological conditions of chicken blood such as erythrocytes of 2.60 c 10⁶ mL, hematology 13.5 g/dL, hematocrit 33%, platelets 145 ´ 10³ mL, and leukocytes 9 ´ 10³ mL, are all in the normal range of broiler physiological conditions. Furthermore, it proves that giving vitamins can maintain the condition of the chicken's body from environmental temperature changes, transportation distance, transportation speed, and the density of transport baskets during transportation.

The Correlation of Microclimate on Milk Productivity and Lactation Percentage of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cattle in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTSP HPT) Cikole

Muhammad Dimas Rachmawanto, Afton Atabany, Bagus Priyo Purwanto — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

External and internal factors can affect the body of livestock. External factors consist of climate, offering feed, and maintenance management. Internal factors include the biological aspects of lactating dairy. This research was conducted to see the microclimate relationship between milk production and the proportion of lactation. This study aims to identify and evaluate Friesian Holstein dairy cattle productivity based on the microclimate in BPTSP HPT Cikole. This study used the survey method to obtain secondary data. The regression and correlation test was used to analyze data. Results showed 111 Holstein dairy cattle productivity based on the amount of milk, and lactation proportion fluctuated from 2017 to 2019. The regression results and the impact of microclimate in general on milk production had no significant effect. It was proven that BPTSP HPT Cikole was successful in overcoming the effects of microclimate changes. In conclusion, that temperature, humidity, precipitation, and THI do not affect the production of Friesian Holstein cow's milk at BPTSP HPT Cikole. Based on the regression analysis results, precipitation significantly affects the proportion of lactation with an R² value of 78.08%.

Carcass and Tibia Bone of Broiler Chickens Fed Amorphophallus companulatus tubers Fermented by Bacillus subtilis

Theresia Nur Indah Koni, Zuprizal, Rusman, Chusnul Hanim — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fermented Amorphophalllus companulatus (AC) tubers by Bacillus subtilis on the final weight, carcass weight, and tibia bone of broiler chickens. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. One hundred and twelve eight days old male broilers of the New Lohmann strain were used for the study. There were four treatment groups and four replications with seven birds per replicate. The four treatments were 1) a control diet without FAC, 2) a diet with 5% FAC, 3) a diet with 10% FAC, and 4) a diet with 15% FAC. The variable observed were final weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, percentage of carcass weight, length, and weight of tibia bone. The result showed that feeding FAC tubers meal did not affect (P>0.05) final weight, carcass weight, the percentage of carcass weight, length, and weight of tibia bone. Feeding FAC tuber meal up to 15% had lower (P<0.05) abdominal fat than feeding control dietary. In conclusion, fermented AC by Bacillus subtilis can be used up to 15% in broiler diets without adversely affecting carcass weight and tibia bone.

The Effect of Using Papaya and Watermelon Juice as a Non-Synthetic Buffer on the Quality of Kacang Goat's (Capra Hircus) Liquid Semen During Cold Storage at 5oC

Muhammad Ade Salim, Nursjafani — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the role of non-synthetic buffers from watermelon and papaya juice added to coconut water diluent on the liquid semen quality of Kacang goats during cold storage at 5oC for three months. An experimental method was used in which semen from a 2.5-year-old male was collected twice a week using an artificial vagina. The primary ingredients include young coconut water, Viridis, watermelon, papaya, NaHCO3, and Egg Yolk (KT). Furthermore, the observed variables were individual motility, viability, and abnormality. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK)) with 3 treatments and 10 replications, namely P0: Coconut Water + NaHCO3 + 10% KT, P1: Coconut Water + Watermelon Juice + 10% KT, and P2: Coconut Water + Papaya Juice + 10% KT. The data were analyzed using Variety Analysis. The results showed the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.01) on individual motility at all storage times, with the best motility up to 120 storage minutes with 61.00±3.16% at P1. Furthermore, the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.01) on viability at all storage times. The best treatment was P0 (72.24±5.28%), and the lowest was P2 (1.40±0.84%), with a shelf life of 120 minutes. The treatment had no effect (P>0.01) on abnormality at all storage times. It can be concluded that the use of watermelon and papaya juice as non-synthetic buffers in coconut water diluent on Kacang goat semen affects motility and viability but has no effect on abnormality.

Database of Nutrition Status, Production and Reproduction Performance, and Social Economy of a Farmer of a Beef Cattle Farm in Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency

Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency has the potential for developing beef cattle. This study aimed to analyze the nutrition status, production, and reproduction performance of beef cattle as well as examine the socio-economic of farmers. The research method is a survey to obtain a database about beef cattle kept by a farmer. This study involved 50 respondents spread over 4 villages, namely Senggreng, Jatiguwi, Trenyang, and Sambigede. The results of the research showed that the average age of farmers was only 14% who were under 40 years old. The number of cattle ownership was an average of 2-3 heads with the largest breed of cattle being Simmental crossbreeds. The system of breeding and rearing was wholly AI and in the cage. Feed that was usually given in general was rice straw followed by corn straw, sugarcane top, elephant grass, field grass, and rice bran. The average feed intake of rice straw, corn straw, and elephant grass were 17.865 – 22.9 kg/head/day, 10.23 – 20.5 kg/head/day, and 17-31.3 kg/head/day respectively. The chest girth of the male adult group had the highest value of 162.5 cm and the female adult group of 165.7 cm. The highest estimated live weights for male and female adults in Jatiguwi village were 340.40 kg and 352.31 kg respectively. The highest and the lowest average gestation length were 235 days and 224 days respectively. The highest and the lowest average of S/C were 5.5 times and once. The average calving interval of a cow in Senggreng, Trenyang, Sambigede, and Jatiguwi villages were 440 days, 399 days, 420 days, and 403 days respectively. The number of cattle that were pregnant in the first AI, second AI, and more than the second AI were 27 heads, 32 heads, and 24 heads. Based on the type of feed and its intake, it can be said that the nutrition status of beef cattle in Sumberpucung District is highly good. Effects of nutrition status can be seen from the performance of production and reproduction of cattle in terms of chest girth, live weight, and calving interval.

Comparison of the Morphometric Traits and Body Weight of Pure Kampung Chicken with Kampung-Bangkok Crosses Chicken

Raodatul Jannah, Junaedi, Khaeruddin, Bahri Syamsuryadi — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Efforts that can be made to improve the performance of native chickens are by crossing them with Bangkok chickens. The results of crosses between Kampung chickens and Bangkok chickens are expected to pass down good growth genes. This study used 66 chickens consisting of 33 pure Kampung chickens and 33 chickens from the Kampung x Bangkok cross-reared from DOC until the age of eight weeks. Every week body weights and measurements of body parts are carried out. This study was analyzed using the T-test to compare the performance of chickens from the Kampung x Bangkok cross with native chickens. Body weights between native chickens and Kampung x Bangkok crosses were significantly different at the age of DOC (0 weeks) and the age of 3 to 8 weeks. Body length and height of free-range chickens with Kampung x Bangkok crosses were different at the age of DOC up to 2 weeks. Chest width was different between native chickens and Kampung x Bangkok crosses at DOC to 1 week of age. The Shank length and shank circumference of native chickens with Kampung x Bangkok crosses were different at all ages. The tibia length of free-range chickens with the Kampung x Bangkok cross was different at DOC up to 6 weeks of age. The tibia circumference of free-range chickens with Kampung x Bangkok crosses differed from DOC to 4 weeks of age.

The Effect of Queen Cell Size Difference in Morphometrics of Bees Queen Apis cerana

Sri Minarti, Arga Rama Yusryansyah, Dewi Masyithoh — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study is to know the influence of Queen Cell’s queen on body length, weight, and length of the wing of the ApisCerana bee. The material used is the larvae of honey bees, honey, royal jelly, and queen's cells. The method used was a trial using a completely random design with three treatments in each with five repeats. The tested treatment is Queen Cell with small, medium, and large sizes. The variable measured is body length, weight, and the length of the queen bee wing. Data analyzed using variance analysis or ANOVA, and if there is a significant effect it will be continued with the double distance test of Duncan. The results showed that the different Queen Cell treatment gives a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on each body weight with an average value is 57,30 ± 8,30; 68,20 ± 5,41 and 81,00 ± 7,42 mg, but on length of the body, length of wings and width of thoracic do not give significant effect (P > 0,05). The average value of the consecutive body length is12,43 ± 0,41; 12,57 ± 0,09 dan 12,28 ± 0,18 mm, the average value of the consecutive wings is 8,48 ± 0,29; 8,67 ± 0,17 and 8,74 ± 0,17 mm while the average result of the thoracic width size is 4.04 ± 0.11, 4.14 ± 0.05 and 4.22 ± 0.39 mm

The Structure of costs and income of broiler chicken farming in different partnership patterns in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Ujang Sehabudin, Arief Daryanto, Bonar M. Sinaga, Atien Priyanti — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In Indonesia, poultry farmers are faced with increasing input prices, especially feed prices, even though the feed is the largest component of broiler chicken production costs, while on the other hand broiler chicken prices fluctuate. This research aimed to analyze cost structure, cost unit, and income broiler chicken on different partnership patterns (PIR and Makloon patterns). The research location is in Sukabumi Regency, which is one of the centers for broiler chicken farming in West Java Province, after Bogor and Ciamis Regencies. The number of respondents was selected based on the partnership pattern, each of which was 130 units using the PIR pattern and 116 units using the Makloon pattern. The results showed that feed costs were the largest of the broiler chicken production costs in the two patterns, respectively 66.64 % in the PIR and 66.08 % in the Makloon pattern. The second biggest production cost is DOC, 26.10 % on the PIR pattern and 25.51 % on the Maklon pattern. The costs of main inputs are more than 90 % of the total production costs, while the operational costs of farmers are less than 10%. Labor costs are the largest costs incurred by farmers. The operational costs incurred by farmers on the PIR pattern are lower than the Makloon pattern, but the fixed costs are the opposite. Although the cost unit (average costs) of broiler chicken farming with the PIR pattern is higher than the Makloon pattern, but the income for the PIR pattern is higher than the PIR pattern. The difference between the total costs of the PIR pattern and the Makloon pattern is 4.40 %, while the difference in total income is 146.59%.

The Effect of Feeding with Different Percentages of Energy on the Growth Performance of Jowo Super Chicken

S. P. Lestari, O. Sjofjan, A. Furqon, Y. F. Nuningtyas, Muhammad Halim Natsir — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the different levels both metabolic energy and protein treatments on growth performance of Jowo Super (JOPER) chickens. A total of 192 one-day-old chicks Jowo Super chickens (unsexed) were used in twelve-week trials. Prior to statistical analysis using analysis of variances (Anova) where least significance differences subjected using Duncan Multiple Test. The different levels of treatments on growth performance was not significance differ (p > 0.05). In summary, the metabolizable energy was recommended at 2880 kcal/kg (starter periods) and 2,950 kcal/kg (finisher). Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality was best in the 1707.17; 744.25; 2.53; 699.75, respectively.

A Predicted Genetic Parameter for Body Weight and Body Size at Yearling Age of Male Bali cattle

Meidina Chaerunissa, V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This research aimed to predicted the genetic parameter for body weight and body size, including body height, body length, and chest girth at yearling age of male Bali cattle in BPTU-HPT Denpasar, Bali. The materials used were 79 heads of male Bali at yearling age. The variables observed were body weight (BW), body height (BH), body length (BL), and chest girth (CG) recorded from 2016 to 2018. The body weight and body size data were analyzed to find out the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Variance and co variance component were analyzed using Analyses of Variance and Covariance one way lay out un balanced design. The heritability and genetic correlation were calculated using the paternal half-sib correlation method. Results showed that the average of body weight, body height, body length, and chest girth were 129.72±13.73 kg, 102.91±4.27 cm, 94.32±5.54 cm, and 121.91±8.47 cm, respectively. The value of heritability estimation for body weight, body height, body length, and chest girth were 0.50±0.08, 0.46±0.07, 0.44±0.07, and 0.10±0.02, respectively. The genetic correlation between BW-BH, BW-BL, and BW-CG were categorized as moderate to a high value (0.67, 0.98, and 0.35, respectively). Breeding value for body weight and body height were both 50% positive value, and breeding value for body length and chest girth were 40% and 60% positive value, respectively. The rank correlation coefficient between rank based on BW-BH, BW-BL, and BW-CG were 0.31, 0.61, and -0.01, respectively. Based on the heritability value, genetic correlation, and rank correlation coefficient, body length could be used as selection criteria, which would give a response to improve body weight.

The Relationship of Estrous Character with Conception Rate in Madura Cattle

Kuswati Kuswati, Dandy Prasetyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Trinil Susilawati — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the relationship between estrous characteristics with the success of AI in Madura cattle. A total of 50 female Madura cattle were used in this research. The estrus quality was observed, including vulva temperature, vulva swelling, vulva color, cervical pH, and cervical mucus. The parameters were NRR-1, NRR-2, Pregnancy Rate, and conception rate. The results showed that Madura cattle with the quality of estrus in the uneven red vulva color category showed better results than red vulva color at NRR-1, NRR-2, CR, and PR values, 100%, 93,33%, 93,33%, and 93,33% respectively. Abundant cervical mucus showed better results than the moderate mucus on the NRR-1, NRR-2, CR, and PR values, which were 100%, 87,5%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. Then a vulva temperature of 37,0-37,9ºC showed better results than a vulva temperature >38ºC in the NRR-1, CR, and PR values, namely 92,12%, 64,71%, and 70,59. Furthermore, the pH condition of cervical mucus with a pH value of 7 showed better results than cervical mucus with a pH of 8 at NRR-1, NRR-2, CR, and PR, 94,12%, 94,12%, 70,59%, and 76,47%. In the very swollen vulva category, the results were better than slightly swollen at the NRR-1 value of 100%. This study concludes that the characteristic uneven color of the vulva, the vulva temperature is 37,0-37,9, the abundant cervical mucus, cervical pH 7, and a very swollen vulva give a high percentage of the success of AI.

Evaluation of coffee bean husk fermented by a combination of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as animal feed

Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Abundant coffee bean husk acquires an alternative source of fiber for livestock feed, but a high level of the crude fiber of it became an obstacle. Solid-state fermentation technology using lignocellulolytic fungi is known to be able to improve the nutritional quality of feedstuff that have high fiber content. Its mechanism is through the degradation of the lignocellulose fraction and enhance protein content. This study aimed to determine the nutritional quality of fermented coffee bean husk with a combination of fungi and yeast. The fermentation method used a solid-state fermentation consisting of 7 different inoculums, namely: P0: Unfermented coffee bean husk, P1: Aspergillus niger, P2: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P3: Trichoderma harzianum, P4: Aspergillus niger + S. Cereviciase, P5: Aspergillus niger + Trichoderma harzianum, P6: Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Trichoderma harzianum and P7: Aspergillus niger + Saccharomyces. Cereviciase + Trichoderma harzianum. The nutritional quality of the fermented coffee bean husk was determined by proximate analysis, lignocellulolytic fraction, and digestibility. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The crude fiber content of fermented coffee bean husk (P1-P7) was lower than unfermented (P0). There was no significant difference among treatments in crude fat and protein. Treatment P3 has the highest total digestibility nutrient (70) and the lower crude fiber (15.03). A combination of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduce lignin content by about (4,16%). In conclusion, the fermented coffee bean husk can be utilized as animal feedstuff with higher nutritional quality than unfermented.

Policy Analysis and Role of Livestock Subsector in the Development at Purworejo Regency, Central Java

Agus Setiawan, Budi Guntoro, F. Trisakti Haryadi — Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the livestock subsector policy in Purworejo Regency in the 2016-2021 period and determine the leading subsector in the agricultural sector that can be developed in Purworejo Regency. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and quantitative analysis to determine the role of the livestock sub-sector by calculating Location Question (LQ), Shift Share (SS), and Klassen Typology. The results of this study indicate that policies in the livestock sub-sector, namely optimizing the livestock sub-sector and limiting large-scale livestock business activities in residential areas, are supported by 2 programs, namely the program to increase livestock production and the application of agricultural technology. The second policy is the application of superior agro-input and Agro Farm commodities supported by the Agricultural and Livestock Commodity Agribusiness program. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis of the livestock sub-sector are 1.24 including the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in an area compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors.

Peasant Women Empowerment as a Conflict Resolution Strategy in Sidomulyo Hamlet, Baluran National Park

Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aims of this study are to 1) determine the causes of conflict between the Sidomulyo hamlet community and the Baluran National Park management; 2) find opportunities for conflict resolution through empowering peasant women. This research was carried out from April to June 2022. The method used is descriptive qualitative by direct field survey and interviews with Baluran National Park managements and Sidomulyo Hamlet farmers. Key informants were chosen using the purposive sampling method followed by snowball sampling. The data required includes the dynamics of conflict, the variety of conflicts, conflict actors, sources of conflict, and opportunities to empower women farmers. Based on the research data on the sources of conflict between the Sidomulyo community and the management of Baluran National Park, there are four different sources of conflict: differences in perceptions, knowledge, values, and values and differences in interests. Three resolutions are applied: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding. In the Peacebuilding resolution empowerment programs is chosen because there is a big potential in for women to do entrepreneur activities. Women farmer empowerment can be done through entrepreneuship. The conservation village model through micro-credit assistance and the formation of women's farmer groups. The aim is to increase livestock yield products and the economy, income, and food security.