Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan

Physicochemical properties of yogurt synbiotic enriched with bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr) extract

2024-06-18T03:03:58+00:00

Yogurt is a synbiotic yogurt made from a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, so the addition of bawang dayak extract (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr) improved the functional properties of the synbiotic yogurt. The research objective was to analyse the physicochemical properties of yogurt synbiotic enriched with bawang dayak extract. The physicochemical properties, pH, acidity, syneresis and water holding capacity were analysed. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications with various concentrations of bawang dayak extract (T0 = 0%, T1 = 1%, T2 = 4% and T3 = 6%). The main ingredients used were skim milk, fresh milk, yogurt starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus) and bawang dayak extract. The results of this study showed that the pH, acidity and water holding capacity were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatments, while syneresis was highly significantly different (p<0.01) at the T3 (6%) concentration.

Effect of Feeding Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) Meal in A Diet Containing Lemuru Fish Oil on the Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese Quail

2024-07-05T03:59:17+00:00

This study evaluated the effects of feeding bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) meal ina diet containing Lemuru fish oil on performance and on egg quality in quails. This study used a layerof 160 quail with a Coturnix-Coturnix japonica strain aged 8 weeks. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, four replications and ten quail per replication was used in this experiment. The treatments consisted of R1 = basal diet without bawang dayak meal (control diet), R2 = basal diet containing 0.1% bawang dayak meal, R3 = basal diet containing 0.2% bawang dayak meal, and R4 = basal diet containing 0.3% bawang dayak meal. The variables observed were quail performance, egg physical quality, and cholesterol egg yolk level. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey test. The results showed that the use of bawangdayak meal had no significant effect (p>0.05) on quail performance or egg physical quality but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on cholesterol in the egg yolk. In conclusion, feeding bawang dayak meal up to 0.3% in a diet containing lemuru fish oil did not negatively impact quail productivity and can increase feed efficiency. Feeding 0.3% bawang dayak meal can reduce cholesterol in egg yolks.

Assessment of Animal Welfare and Handling Procedures in the Slaughter of Sacred Animals During Eidul-Adha in Samarinda City

2024-05-13T04:05:54+00:00

The term "Qurban," originating from Arabic, denotes "close" and constitutes one of the annual religious rituals practiced by Muslims, involving the ritual slaughter of various livestock, including camels, goats, cows, sheep, and buffaloes. Nonetheless, concerns have arisen regarding the welfare and comfort of these animals during the slaughtering process. This research aimed to investigate welfare-oriented procedures employed in the slaughter of sacrificial animals and to identify and analyse the stress factors affecting them. The study was conducted across nine mosques in nine sub districts in Samarinda city on July 10-11, 2023, and involved a sample of 115 slaughtered cattle. The observational indicators included instances of falling and slipping, vocalization, states of consciousness and unconsciousness, and duration until death. The findings revealed that 36.52% of the animals experienced falls or slips, their vocalization levels reached 15.65%, surpassing the anticipated threshold of 5%, consciousness and unconsciousness indicators were observed in 56.09% of the cases, and the longest duration until death fell within the range of 10-12 minutes. These findings highlight a lack of consideration for animal welfare during sacrificial animal slaughtering practices in Samarinda city mosques.

Identification of Market Demand for Omega-3 Eggs in Bogor Regency

2024-07-03T04:27:35+00:00

The egg market is a crucial sector in the food industry. Eggs are not only an affordable and highly nutritious source of protein but also offer nutritional variations that can be tailored to consumer needs. Increasingly knowledgeable consumers and easily accessible information have opened new opportunities for the development of innovative food products that meet public health needs. One such product is omega-3-enriched eggs. This study aimed to identify the demand for omega-3 eggs in Bogor Regency. The survey method was used from August 22-23, 2023. The survey results indicate that most consumers are willing to purchase omega-3 eggs in large quantities, with 50% of respondents willing to pay Rp. 3000 per egg. These findings reflect high interest in increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake through accessible products. Furthermore, 37% of respondents often shop for eggs at supermarkets, indicating a significant opportunity for product placement in major retail stores. Practical packaging with plastic mica was also preferred by 70% of respondents due to its practicality and efficiency. Thus, omega-3 eggs can be developed in Bogor Regency because they meet market needs and offer promising business opportunities.

Marketing Strategy for Quail Eggs at Pesantren Manajer Tholabie, Malang, Indonesia

2024-05-02T07:36:34+00:00

The marketing strategy research was conducted at Pesantren Manajer Tholabie, Baran Buring, Kedungkandang District, Malang City. The purpose of this study was to analyse the marketing strategy and marketing development strategy of quail egg products at this institution. The method involved a survey with a quantifiable approach. The data analysis in this study used Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. The results showed that the marketing strategy carried out by the Pesantren Manajer Tholabie Business Unit for promoting quail eggs was to use digital marketing in terms of WhatsApp blasts and conventional marketing, such as offering the product to the vegetable vendor and the neighbours of The Pesantren Manajer Tholabie. The strategy for developing quail egg marketing at the Pesantren Manajer Tholabie could be carried out using the S-O (Strenghts-Opportunities) strategy, such as improving business skills in agriculture, improving service to consumers, utilizing high market information access, maintaining good communication with consumers, utilizing the development and progress of science and technology for promotional activities and buying and selling products.

Optimizing Rambak Cracker Production: Evaluating the Influence of Different Drying Methods on Protein, Fat, and Organoleptic Properties

2024-04-24T02:32:32+00:00

Rambak crackers are made from cattle hides through the process of cleaning, threshing the hair and boiling. The research objective was to determine the physicochemical qualities of fresh cowhide, boiled cowhide, dried rambak crackers (krecek) and fried rambak crackers from 3 drying methods, namely, sun (M), oven (O), and sun oven (MO) drying methods. The material used was local cowhides from the slaughterhouse in Malang city. This experimental and counting method used a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. The descriptive results showed that the average protein content in fresh cowhide, cecek and krecek was 36.18-84.97%, and the average ash content was 0.14-0.32%. The experimental results revealed k values of 170.40-217.54%, moisture contents of 16.55-18.22%, Aw values of 0.68-0.73, L values of 37.56-38.83, a* values of 0.58-1.26, and b* values of 6-6.98. The average fat content of the fried rambak crackers after sun, oven and sun oven drying was 5.83-29.06%, the average moisture content was 3.77-5.05%, the average aroma was 3.9-4.6, the average shape was 3.1-3.5, and the average preference was 2.5-3.3. In conclusion, 3 drying methods based on physicochemical and organoleptic properties can be applied and are preferred by panelists because drying using the oven method also has potential for cowhide crackers.

Efficacy of Calcium Pidolate Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Tibial Breaking Strength and Income over Feed Cost of Broiler Chickens

2024-06-18T04:49:26+00:00

Calcium pidolate is an organic calcium source that can be used as a supplement in the diet of broiler chickens. This is an innovative new form of calcium supplementation that promotes mineral absorption in broiler chickens. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium pidolate supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old Ross chicks were used in this study. The broiler chickens were randomly distributed into two treatment groups with three replicates per treatment. The two treatment groups were the control group with calcium phosphorus supplementation and treatment 2 (T2) with calcium pidolate supplementation. The evaluated growth performance parameters included body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, average feed consumption, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, percent liveability, and tibia breaking strength. The income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC) was also evaluated. The results showed no significant improvement in body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, average feed consumption, feed efficiency, or percent viability in the T2 group. However, there was a significant increase in the tibia breaking strength of the T2 group compared to that of the control group. In addition, the control group had a greater IOFCC than did the T2 group. In summary, calcium pidolate supplementation may be used as a calcium source for improving the bone strength of broiler chickens.

Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Chicken Sausages Containing Different Types of Chicken Skin

2024-07-04T07:18:24+00:00

This study aimed to determine the effects of adding chicken skin on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken sausages. Five sausage chicken formulations were produced with the following compositions: T1: Control (unfortified chicken skin); T2: fortified chicken skin 5%; T3: fortified chicken skin 10%; T4: fortified chicken skin15%; and T5: fortified chicken skin 20%. Our results revealed that the addition of chicken skin significantly (P<0.05) decreased the moisture content but significantly (P<0.05) increased the protein content in chicken sausages. Compared with the control, the sausages with chicken skin had significantly (p<0.05) greater pH values. The CIE L* value was significantly (p<0.05) greater than the CIE a* value compared with those of the control. Compared with the control condition, chicken skin fortification in the range of 5–20% improved the characteristics of chicken sausages. There was an increase in protein and fat contents and in the CIE L* value. The texture profile of the sausage improved, especially its hardness. In the sensory assessment, chicken skin fortification with the chicken sausage mixture improved the level of preference for color and flavour, especially in the T5 treatment.

Effect of the Addition of Protected Soybean Groats on the Digestibility of Complete Feed for Thin-tailed Sheep

2024-06-27T02:44:35+00:00

This study aims to investigate the effects of the use of complete feed containing different protected soybean groats on the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents in male thin-tailed sheep. The materials used in this study were 15 male, thin-tailed sheep with an average initial body weight of 23.43 ± 1.40 kg. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments in this study were as follows: T1 = 100% complete feed, T2 = 90% complete feed + 10% protected soybean groats, and T3 = 80% complete feed + 20% protected soybean groats. The data were analysed via analysis of variance. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that the use of complete feed containing protected soybean groats had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the consumption of dry matter, organic matter, or crude protein or on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or crude protein. In conclusion, the use of complete feed containing protected soybean groats has no effect on the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), or total digestibility of nutrients (TDN) in thin-tailed sheep.

Production Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Male Ettawah Crossbred Silage Supplemented with Tannins

2023-12-26T08:41:17+00:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of adding tannins to silage feed on the performance of male dairy goats. The benefits of this research are that it is useful for application to other ruminant livestock for obtaining preserved feed but with nutritional qualities that can still be maintained. The research consisted of 2 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 4 male Etawa crossbred goats (ECG) as well as replications. Treatment T0 was used for the group of goats fed complete silage without the addition of tannins, while T1 was used for the group of goats fed complete silage with the addition of tannins. The parameters observed for production performance were consumption (DM, CP, TDN), daily weight gain (DWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The parameters observed for rumen metabolism were rumen fluid pH, partial VFA, and ammonia (NH₃). The data obtained were explained nonparametrically using the Mann?Whitney test by IBM SPSS Statistics 24. The results showed that complete silage feed supplemented with tannin (9 g/kg fresh feed) contained more crude protein than that without tannin. The effect on the production performance of male Etawa crossbred goats (ECG) was better for DWG, namely, 87.0 g/head/day, than for those without additional tannins, namely, only 53.3 g/head/day. Providing tannin to complete silage feed also improved the C2:C3 ratio in the rumen metabolic system, as indicated by an increase in the efficiency of energy use, which is beneficial for the growth phase of livestock.

Effect of Fermented Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as a Feed Additive on the Phytochemical Content and Production Performance of Isa Brown Laying Hens

2024-08-02T03:09:19+00:00

The overuse and continuous administration of antibiotics have led to the emergence of resistance, posing challenges in eradicating pathogenic bacteria in poultry digestive tracts. This concern has prompted breeders to seek alternatives, such as turmeric. Turmeric, known for its ability to combat disease-causing microorganisms in the digestive tract and improve livestock performance, is one such herb. This study aimed to assess the impact of fermented turmeric on the phytobiotic content and production performance of laying hens. In the initial phase, turmeric underwent anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for seven days, followed by analysis of curcuminoids and flavonoids. An in vivo study was subsequently conducted with 120 laying hens aged 50 weeks divided into five experimental groups: P0 (basal feed without fermented liquid turmeric) and T1--T4 (basal feed supplemented with fermented liquid turmeric). The results revealed a significant decrease in the curcumin and flavonoid contents after fermentation. Feed consumption increased significantly (P<0.05) but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on hen-day production, egg mass, FCR, or IOFC. numcially decreased FCR values. This study demonstrated that incorporating liquid turmeric into basal feed enhanced production performance while reducing FCR in laying hens. The effect of fermented liquid turmeric on feed consumption was sixty-four percent, and the feed conversion ratio was twenty-four percent. These findings suggest that fermented turmeric can effectively serve as a feed additive in poultry production systems, offering a natural alternative and potentially contributing to sustainable and healthy poultry farming practices

Detection of the TYR Gene as a Candidate Causal Mutation for Albinism in Taro Cattle

2024-08-02T03:07:40+00:00

Bali Cattle are known as cattle with a unique coat color pattern. At Taro village was found different coat colors of Bali cattle, namely Taro cattle perform white coat color. The TYR gene has a vital role in producing coat color. This research was aimed to determine mutations that caused of the white color in Taro cattle. Two methods of PCR and PCR-RFLP were applied in this study. PCR method followed by sequencing used 29 DNA samples consisted of 17 Taro cattle, 12 DNA samples of 3 breeds cattle as comparison while RFLP method applied 56 DNA samples (17 Taro; 31 wild Bali; 4 Simental, 4 PO/Ongole descendant). All DNA were collected from fresh blood, and extracted by using DNA Extraction Kit. Amplification of TYR (exon 5) gene was conducted using forward and reverse primers to get polymerase chain reaction products with lengths of 320 bp and sequenced with Sanger method (services). PCR-RFLP was conducted with enzyme restriction of AciI. Determination of TYR gene diversity was analyzed through sequencing data. TYR gene sequencing was analyzed by using Bioedit and Mega11 software to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP genotyping was analyzed from PCR-RFLP. The results showed that the TYR gene (exon 5) of Taro cattle was found with 320 bp length. SNP was obtained at one position c.1467 T>C. This SNP has never been reported yet on the ensemble website. This finding suggests that a specific genetic marker for albinism in Bali cattle needs to be more explored

Growth Hormone Gene Diversity and Quantitative Characteristics of Thin-Tailed Sheep in Muara Tembesi District Batang Hari Regency

2024-08-05T04:43:52+00:00

Research on thin-tailed sheep (TTS) via quantitative and molecular characterization is essential for obtaining primary data on genetic diversity. The quantitative description includes body weight, weight gain, and body measurements. Molecular characterization is performed directly on structural genes. One gene that affects livestock growth and metabolism is the growth hormone (GH) gene. The commonly used method is PCR-RFLP. The research was conducted in two stages. Field research was conducted to obtain quantitative characteristic data, including body weight, weight gain, and body measurements, as well as blood samples from 62 TTS (31 males and 31 females). Research in the laboratory includes DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and restriction with the Msp1 enzyme. Data analysis included a t test to calculate the differences in body weight, weight gain, and body size between male and female TTS. T2-hotelling was used to compare the morphometric body sizes of the male and female TTS simultaneously, and principal component analysis was used to determine the body shape and size characteristics of the male and female TTS. The results revealed that the male TTS mean body weight, weight gain, and body size were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those of the female TTS. The results of the molecular analysis of the GH gene with the MspI cutting enzyme revealed that it is monomorphic with the ++ genotype. Conclusion: Body weight, weight gain, and body size were greater in males with TTS than in females with TTS. The body size characteristics of male and female TTS patients were body length, shoulder height, and chest circumference. The body shape characteristic was chest depth. The restriction of the GH|Msp1 TTS gene DNA fragment in exon 5 in the Muara Tembesi district is monomorphic.

Pidan Quail Eggs: Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Coconut Fibre Ash and Quicklime as Natural Alkalis

2024-08-09T01:50:30+00:00

Pidan eggs can be made into less safe food because of the ingredients used in making them. Coconut fibre ash and quicklime are natural ingredients with alkaline pH values that can be used to make pidan eggs. This research aimed to compare the influence of ash coconut fibre and quicklime yang on egg quail's physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The study employed a methodological approach utilizing a fully randomized design comprising five treatments with four replications each. The treatments involved varying ratios of coconut fibre ash to quicklime: A (90:10), B (70:30), C (50:50), D (30:70), and E (10:90). Diversity analysis revealed that the duration of alkaline fermentation significantly affected (P<0.05) the moisture content, pH value, calcium content, sensory attributes of the albumen and yolk color, and texture. However, it did not significantly impact the aroma of pidan quail eggs. The best research results were a ratio of coconut fibre ash to quicklime of 10:90 with a pH value of 10.53, moisture content of 70.74%, calcium content of 0.51%, sensory value of albumen color of 3.80 (blackish brown), egg yolk color of 4.24 (dark green/dark), aroma of 3.04 (smells of ammonia), and texture of 3.84 (slightly dense).

Application of the DNA Molecular Markers RM20A and RM241 on King Grass (Pennisetum purpuphoides) and Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum pupureum cv. Mott)

2024-08-12T02:31:54+00:00

Feed, as the main element that provides livestock nutrition, is composed of two components, namely, concentrate and forage. Examples of commonly used forages are king grass and dwarf elephant grass. These grasses are very familiar among farmers because they have good crude protein (CP) content; specifically, the CP content of king grass is 13,50% (Siswanto et al., 2016), and the CP content of dwarf elephant grass is 14,35% (Erleli, 2020). Forage production can be disrupted by weather factors. In the dry season, the production of king grass and dwarf elephant grass decreases by 50%. As a result, there is a forage crisis in the dry season. To overcome this, genetic improvement of king grass and dwarf elephant grass is possible. Previous research has succeeded in finding primers RM20A and RM241, each of which can lead to new traits in rice plants, namely, leaf rolling and plant height. This primer can be applied to king grass and dwarf elephant grass to increase the production potential of these plants and increase plant resistance in the dry season. This research uses the PCR technique to amplify primers from the template DNA of king grass and dwarf elephant grass. Optimization was carried out via several procedures due to species differences among rice, king grass and dwarf elephant grass. The results revealed that the RM241 primer could not be amplified at all in king grass plants and was amplified only in dwarf elephant grass. Moreover, the RM20A primer produced better results, where amplification could occur in both plants. This may be due to several factors, such as the condition of the DNA template, the condition of the materials and the possibility of human error. Amplification of the two primers also revealed that they were polymorphic, indicating that these two primers could not accurately amplify SSRs in king grass and dwarf elephant grass. This also causes many smears in the visualization of the PCR results. Overall, this research was able to determine the plant height and leaf rolling characteristics of king grass and dwarf elephant grass.