Molasses : dampak negatif pada ruminansia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2017.027.02.04Keywords:
Key words, molasses, sugar cane, palatability, toxicAbstract
ABSTRACT
Molasses is a by-product or end product of sugar cane (Saccharum officcinarum L.) or sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. Conditiva) resulting from the manufacture of raw or refined sugar and consisting of structural sugars, hemicelluloses and minerals. It is mainly used to improve appetite of animals or add extra energy when prices of molasses are lower than that of other energy sources. Molasses can be a key ingredient for cost effective management of feeds and pastures. Supplementing poor quality feeds with molasses will increase feed intake and improve palatability. However, molasses can be toxic if fed at ad libitum or free choice, therefore, it is recommended that molasses should be supplemented in a restrictive form. These molasses poisoning papers and the negative impacts arose from long-standing studies because the poisoning is now rare. However, although this time is rare but did not close the possibility will appear again, Especially if given in an uncontrolled amount. Thus, this paper aims to remind users of molasses in the livestock industry to be wiser in their use.
Â
Key words: Key words: molasses, sugar cane, palatability, toxicÂ
References
Alam, M.K., Ogata, Y., Sato, Y., and Sano, H. 2016. Effects of Rice Straw Supplemented with Urea and Molasses on Intermediary Metabolism of Plasma Glucose and Leucine in Sheep. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 29 (4) : 523-529. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0358.
Assefa, D., Nurfeta, A., and Banerjee, S. 2013. Effects of molasses level in a concentrate mixture on performances of crossbred heifer calves fed a basal diet of maize stover. Journal of Cell and An-imal Biology. 7(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.5897/JCAB12.054
Baker, P. 1981. Proc. AFMA Eleventh Ann. Liquid Feed Symp. Amer. Feed Manufacturers Assoc. Arlington, VA
Bakhiet, S.E.A., and Al-Mokhtar, E.A.I. 2015. Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger Using Sugarcane Molasses as Substrate. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 8 (3) : 211- 215. ISSN 1995-6673
Baurhoo, B., and A. Mustafa. 2014. Short communication: Effects of molas-ses supplementation on performance of lactating cows fed high-alfalfa silage diets. J. Dairy Sci. 97 :1072–1076. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6989.
Biswas, M.A.A., Hoque, M.N., Kibria, M.G., Rashid, M.H., and Akhter, M.M. 2010. Field trial and demonstration of urea molasses straw technology of feed-ing lactating animals. Bangladesh Re-search Publications Journal. 3(4): 1129-1132. ISSN: 1998-2003
Borroto, O.G. 2015.Ruminant digestive physiology as research subject at the Instituto de Ciencia Animal for fifty years. Cuban Journal of Agriculltural Science 49 (2): 179-188. ISSN:2079-3480
Broderick, G. A., and Radloff, W. J. 2004. Effect of Molasses Supplementa-tion on the Production of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Alfalfa and Corn Silage. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (9) :2997–3009. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73431-1
Chapman, H.L., Kidder, R.W., Koger, M., Crockett, J.R., and Mepherson, W.K. 1965. Black Strap molasses for beef cows. Fla. Agr. Eep. Sta. Bull. 701. 19681405936
Curtin, L.V. 1973. Effect of processing on the nutritional value of molasses. in: Effect of processing on the nutritional value of feeds. NationalAcademy of science.Washington,D.C.
da Costa, D.A., de Souza, C.L., Saliba, E.O.S., and Carneiro, J.D. 2015. By-products of sugar cane industry in ruminant nutrition. Int. J. Adv. Agric. Res. 3: 1-9. ISSN 2053-1265
Dunlop, R.H., and Bueno, L. 1979. Mo-lasses neuro-toxicity and higher volatile fatty acids in sheep. Annals of Veteri-nary Research 10 (2/3) : 462–464. HAL Id: hal-00901214
Edwin, E.E., Makson, L.M., Shreeve, J., Jackman, R., and Carroll, P.J. 1979. Di-agnostic aspects of cerebrocortical ne-crosis. Veterinary Record. 104 (1) :4–8. PMID:433105
Edwin, E.E., and Jackman, R. 1982. Ruminant thiamine requirement in per-spective. Veterinary Research Commu-nications 5 (1): 237–250. doi:10.1007/BF02214990
Frische, T., Bachmann, J., Frein, D., Juffernholz, T., Kehrer, A., Klein, A., Maack, G., Stock, F., Stolzenberg, H.C., Thierbach, C., Walter-Rohde, S. 2013. Identification, assessment and manage-ment of “endocrine disruptors†in wild-life in the EU substance legislation Dis-cussion paper from the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA). Toxicolo-gy Letters. 223(3) : 306-309. doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.004
Ghedini, C.P., Brito, A.F., Reis, S.F., Moura, D.C., Oliveira, A.S., Santana, R.A.V., and Pereira, A.B.D. 2016. Liq-uid Molasses Decreases Production Linearly and Changes Enterolactone Concentrations as a Corn Meal Substi-tute in Organic Dairy Cows Fed Flax-seed Meal. Proceedings of the Organic Agriculture Research Symposium Pacif-ic Grove, CA, January 20, 2016.
Gouda, M.K., Swellam, A.E., and Omar, S.H. 2001. Production of PHB by a Bacillus megaterium strain using sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Microbiol. Res. 156 (3): 201–207. DOI:10.1078/0944-5013-00104
Gould, D.H. 1998. Polioencephalomali-cia. Journal of Animal Science 76, 309–314. doi:10.2527/1998.761309x
Harris, L.E., Kearl, L.C., and Fonnesbeck, P.V. 1981. A rationale for naming feeds. Bulletin 501. Inter. Feedstuffs Inst., Utah Agr. Res. Sta., Utah State Univ., Logan, Ut. 636 H241
Hatungimana, E., and Ndolisha, P. 2015. Effect of Urea Molasse Block Supplementation on Growth Perfor-mance of Sheep. International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences. 2 (3): 38-43. ISSN 2394-966X
Huhtanen, P. 1987. The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 59:101–120.
Hunter, R.A. 2012. High-molasses diets for intensive feeding of cattle. Animal Production Science, 52: 787–794. doi.org/10.1071/AN11178
Jarrige, R., and Beranger, C. 1992. Beef cattle production. Amsterdam Nether-lands:Elsevier Science Publishers. 487.
Kabiru, M.M., Addah, W., and Lipaya N.P. 2015. Growth Response of Djal-lonké Sheep Supplemented with Urea-Treated Rice Straw in the Dry Season A short communique. Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 3 (1): 77-79. ISSN: 2343-6727
Losada, H., Dixon, F., and Preston, T.R. 1971. Thiamine and molasses toxicity. 1. Effect with roughage-free diets. Revista. Cubana Ciencia Agricola (English Edition).5(3):369-378. Record Number : 19721407589
Losada, H., and Preston, T.R. 1973. Effect of forage on performance, content of the reticulo-rumen and VFA in rumen and caecum of calves fed diets based on molasses-urea. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Science 7: 185–190.
Losada, H., and Preston, T. R. 1974. Effects of final or hightest molasses on molasses toxicity. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 8:11-20.
Majak, W., Hall, J.W., And Mcallister, T.A. 2001. Practical measures for reducing risk of alfalfa bloat in cattle. J. Range Manage. 54 (4): 490–493.
Mamak, N., Balkan,B.M., Temizsoylu, M.D., and Sevgisunar, N.S. 2015. Pathological and Biochemical Findings of the Cows with Dermatitis Fed with Excessive Molasses. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 43. 1278 : 1-6. ISSN 1679-9216
Martel, C.A., Titgemeyer, E.C., Mamedova L. K., and Bradford, B. J. 2011. Dietary molasses increases ruminal pH and enhances ruminal biohydrogenation during milk fat depression. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (8): 3995–4004. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4178.
Masgoret, M.S., Botha, C.J.,. Myburgh, J.G., Naudé, T.W., Prozesky, L., Naidoo, V., Van Wyk, J.H., Pool, E.J., And Swan, G.E. 2009. Molasses as a possible cause of an “endocrine disruptive syndrome†in calves. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 76 (2): 209–225. PMID: 20698441
Mella, C.M., Perez-Oliva, O., and Loew, F.M. 1976. Induction of bovine polioencephalomalacia with a feeding system based on molasses and urea. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 40 (1): 104–110. PMCID: PMC1277526
Mubi, A. A., Kibon, A. And Mohammed, D. 2013. Formulation and production of multinutrient blocks for ruminants in the guinea savanna region of nigeria. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 4(3):205-215. doi:10.5251/abjna.2013.4.3.205.215
Nayigihugu, V., Kellogg, D.W., Johnson, Z.B., Scott, M. and Anschutz, K.S. 1995. Effects of Adding Levels of Molasses on Composition of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Silage. J. Animal Sc., 73. Suppl.1: 200.
Pate, F.M. 1983. Molasses in beef nutrition. Molasses in Animal Nutrition, National Feed Ingredients Association, West Des Moines, Iowa.
Pazouki, M., Felse, P., Sinha, J., and Panda, T. 2000. Comparative studies on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and Candida lipolytica using molasses and glucose. Bioprocess Engineering, 22(4): 353-361. DOI: 10.1007/PL00009115
Perez, R. 1983. Molasses. Tropical Feeds and Feeding Systems.1-7
Perry, T.W., Cullison, A.E. and Lowrey, R.S. 1999. Feeds and feeding, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Preston, T. R. and Willis, M. B. 1974. Intensive beef production, second edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Preston, T.R. 1987. Molasses as animal feed. An overview. In FAO Expert Consultation on Sugarcane as Feed. (ed. R. Sansoucy, G. Aarts and T.R. Pres-ton). FAO Rome. 198-213.
Rahiman, F., and Pool, E.J. 2016. The effect of sugar cane molasses on the immune and male reproductive systems using in vitro and in vivo methods. Iran J Basic Med Sci; 19:1125-1130. PMCID: PMC5110661
Reyed, R.M., and El-Diwany, A. 2007. Molasses as bifidus promoter on bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria growing in skim milk. Internet J Microbiol, 5 (1):1-8
Rowe, J. B., Bobadilla, M., Angela Fernandez, A., Encarnacion, J. C., and Preston,T. R. 1977. Molasses Toxicity In Cattle: Rumen Fermentation And Blood Glucose Entry Rates Associated With This Condition. Trop Anim Prod 4(1): 78-89.
Sano, H., Takebayashi, A., Kodama, Y., Nakamura, K., Ito, H., Arino, Y., Fujita, T., Takahashi, H., and Ambo, K. 1999. Effects of feed restriction and cold exposure on glucose metabolism in response to feeding and insulin in sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 77(9): 564-2573. doi:10.2527/1999.7792564x
Senthilkumar, S., Suganya, T., Deepa, K., Muralidharan, J., and Sasikala, K. 2016. Supplementation Of Molasses In Livestock Feed. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 5 (3) : 1243 – 1250. ISSN 2278-3687
Soder, K. J., Hoffman, K., Chase, L.E., and Rubano, M.D. 2012. “Case Study: Molasses as the primary energy supplement on an organic grazing dairy farmâ€. The Professional Animal Scientist: 28:234–243.
Tansengco, M.L., Herrera, D.L., and Tejano, J.C. 2016. Treatment of Molasses-Based Distillery Wastewater in a PilotScale Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR). Electronic Journal of Biology, 12(4): 367-377. ISSN 1860-3122
Thakare, P.B., Chaudhary, M.D., and. Pokal, W.K. 2013. Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Molasses and its Effects on the Growth of Abelmoschus esenlentus (Lady’s Finger). World Applied Sciences Journal 21 (6): 869-872. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.6.2804
Thoefner, M.B., Pollitt, C.C., Van Eps, A.W., Milinovich, G.J., Trott, D.J., Wattle, O., and Andersen, P.H. 2004. Acute Bovine Laminitis: A new induction model using alimentary oligofructose overload. Journal of Dairy Science. 87(9): 2932-2940. DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73424-4
Trivedi, S., and Shah. S. 2014. The Effect of Cane molasses on Cow Milk Productivity. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4 (6) : 2347-5161. E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 - 5161
Valli,V., Gomez-Caravaca, ÌA.M., DiNunzio, M., Danesi, F., Caboni, M. F., and Bordoni, A. 2012. Sugar Cane and Sugar Beet Molasses, Antioxidant-rich Alternatives to Refined Sugar. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60: 12508-12515. dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf304416d
Verma, D.N., 1997. A Text Book of Animal Nutrition, 1st Ed. R. 814, New Rajinder nagar, New Delhi.
Wood, B. L. 1990. Dietary effects on milk protein in dairy cows. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow.
Yan, T., Roberts, D. J., and Higginbotham, J. 1997. The effects of feeding high concentrations of molasses and supplementing with nitrogen and unprotected tallow on intake and performance of dairy cows. Animal Science, 64 (01): 17-24. doi:10.1017/S1357729800015514
Yanuartono, Indarjulianto, S., Purnamaningsih, H., and Raharjo, S. 2015. Evaluasi Klinis dan Laboratoris pada Kejadian Sapi Ambruk Tahun III. Laporan Penelitian. Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PUPT), Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi.
Yeruham, I., Avidar, Y., Bargai, U., Adin, G., Frank, D., Perl, S. and Bogin, E. 1999. Laminitis and dermatitis in heifers associated with excessive carbohydrate intake: skin lesions and biochemical findings. The Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 70(4): 167-171. DOI 10.4102/jsava.v70i4.790
Zaid, A.A., Olasunkanmi, A.O., Bello, R.A 2013. Inclusion effect of graded levels of molases in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juvenile. Int. J. Fish. Aquaculture, 5(7):172-176. DOI: 10.5897/IJFA11.055
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
